The Prophet Muhammad: No Man in History is So Transformed this World

No Man in History has Transformed the World This Deeply

No single man in history has brought about such a profound and far-reaching revolution in the human realm. Within a span of just 23 years, he transformed not only the spiritual beliefs of a people but also their social, political, economic, and moral structures. The changes he initiated went beyond his immediate environment, sparking a movement that reshaped the course of human history. No Prophet ﷺ or reformer has ever achieved such a complete transformation of individuals, societies, and civilizations—all while embodying the teachings he conveyed in his own life.

Spiritual Revolution

Prophet Muhammadﷺ revolutionized humanity's understanding of God, transforming a world mired in polytheism and idol worship into one rooted in the pure monotheism of Islam, emphasizing the Oneness of God (Tawheed). Before his time, countless idols were worshipped—figures carved from stone, each representing different deities for various needs and desires. People devoted themselves to these lifeless creations, abandoning one idol for another when a more appealing form was crafted. The grandeur of the Lord of the Universe—the Creator and Sustainer of all—was forgotten. The timeless teachings of the Prophet ﷺs, from Adam to Jesus, had been distorted or neglected, leaving humanity adrift in spiritual ignorance.

Through his message, the Prophet ﷺ re-established the direct connection between the Creator and His creation, eliminating the need for intermediaries. He called people to turn away from worshipping objects, trees, and spirits, reminding them of their true purpose: devotion to the One True God. This renewed relationship was not merely theological but deeply personal and transformative. Human hearts, once burdened by superstition and blind rituals, found clarity and peace in recognizing their Creator. The purpose of existence—to know, love, and serve God—was revived and beautifully instilled in the human soul.

The Prophet ﷺ also introduced a universal message of submission to God and accountability in the Hereafter. This profound understanding of servanthood to the Almighty infused life with humility, justice, and vigilance. A person who submits to God becomes acutely aware of the moral boundaries set by the Creator, striving to respect the rights of others and avoid transgressions. Submission to God shaped character, encouraging kindness, goodness, and an aversion to evil. With the assurance of ultimate accountability, every action gained weight, propelling individuals toward virtue and away from harm. In this spiritual revolution, humanity rediscovered its purpose and its rightful place in the vast order of creation.

The Social Revolution

The Prophet ﷺ established a social system of unparalleled beauty, humanity, compassion, and empathy—one that transformed the very fabric of society. He abolished entrenched practices such as tribalism, racism, and social hierarchies, replacing them with a system of profound equality and brotherhood under the concept of ummah—a single community of believers. The Prophet ﷺ instilled the belief that all human beings, regardless of their race, tribe, or social status, are part of the same human lineage, originating from the single parenthood of Adam and Eve. This concept eliminated the age-old ideas of superiority based on tribal affiliations, skin colour, or social class. He ﷺ emphasized that the only distinction between individuals was their piety and good deeds, saying, “None have superiority except by piety and good action.”

This revolutionary belief had a profound impact on society. In a culture that previously marginalized certain groups—such as the Ethiopians and blacks—people like Bilal ibn Rabah, an African former slave, were elevated to positions of immense respect. Bilal became the first muezzin, a role of great honour in the early Muslim community. His story is a testament to the Prophet ﷺ's vision of equality, where people of all races stood united in worship and reverence, side by side. The Prophet’s ﷺ society was one where everyone was equal before the law—whether black or white, rich or poor—because all were equal in the eyes of God. No tribe was given preferential treatment, and there was no justice based on race or wealth. In pre-Islamic Arabia, tribes had their own separate laws, and the punishment for a crime often depended on the social status of the perpetrator’s tribe. However, the Prophet ﷺ established a single, unified legal system based on justice and equality, a concept unimaginable before his time.

His famous farewell sermon encapsulates this ethos: “An Arab has no superiority over a non-Arab, nor does a non-Arab over an Arab; a white has no superiority over a black, nor does a black over a white; none have superiority except by piety and good action.” This was not just a theory but a practical reality that the Prophet ﷺ demonstrated through his actions and leadership. His companions, from diverse backgrounds including Arabs, Persians, Romans, and Africans, were treated with the utmost respect and dignity. Among these companions were individuals like Salman al-Farsi, a Persian, and Suhayb ar-Rumi, a Roman, both of whom were esteemed figures in the Muslim community.

The Constitution of Madinah, drafted shortly after the Prophet’s ﷺ migration, established a pluralistic society where people of various races, tribes, and religions coexisted peacefully. It guaranteed equal rights and protections for all citizens, including Jews, Christians, and Muslims. The document resolved disputes based on justice rather than tribal affiliations, fostering a harmonious society where people of diverse backgrounds could live together in mutual respect and understanding.

Furthermore, the Prophet ﷺ's revolution extended to the elevation of women's status in a society where they were often treated as property. In pre-Islamic Arabia, women had no rights to inheritance, property, or even their own freedom. His message completely transformed this reality. Women were granted rights to inherit, own property, receive education, and participate in social and religious affairs. He abolished practices such as female infanticide and instituted legal protections for women’s rights in marriage, divorce, and child custody.

He ﷺ placed great importance on the education of women, emphasizing that seeking knowledge was a duty for all Muslims, regardless of gender. His wife Aisha, one of the foremost scholars of her time, narrated over 2,200 hadiths and became a key source of guidance for many companions. Women under his ﷺ leadership engaged in various fields, including medicine, law, trade, and social welfare. His first wife Khadijah was a successful businesswoman, and the Prophet ﷺ often consulted his wives on matters of great importance. During the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, it was Umm Salama—his wise and astute wife—who advised him on a critical strategic move.

A core tenet of the Prophet’s ﷺ teachings was the kind and compassionate treatment of women. He famously said, “The best of you are those who are the best to their women.” His ﷺ own actions exemplified this principle—he would often show affection and respect to his daughter Fatimah, standing up for her and kissing her on the forehead, gestures that starkly contrasted with the harsh and demeaning treatment women often received in pre-Islamic society. His actions and words left an indelible mark on his followers, inspiring them to embody justice, mercy, and respect in their treatment of women. As Aisha remarked, “His character was the Qur'an,” emphasizing that the Prophet’s ﷺ life was a living testament to the divine principles he conveyed. The Qur’an reinforces this vision of compassion and respect, urging, “Live with them in kindness” (Qur'an 4:19).

The Prophet ﷺ also took extraordinary measures to protect the rights of the most vulnerable members of society—the orphans, the poor, and the marginalized. He fostered a culture of care, social responsibility, and charity, ensuring that these groups were given their due rights and treated with dignity. His emphasis on caring for orphans was so strong that he compared the one who looks after an orphan to himself in paradise. He encouraged the rich to share their wealth with the poor, making it clear that wealth was a means of testing a person’s generosity, and that those who hoarded their wealth would be held accountable. His ﷺ teachings inspired his followers to establish a welfare system, ensuring that no one was left behind, regardless of their social standing. In this way, he ﷺ created a society that was not only just but also compassionate, a society where every individual, regardless of their status, was seen and valued as a member of the larger ummah.

The Political Revolution

The Prophet Muhammadﷺ brought about a revolutionary transformation in the political landscape of Arabia, uniting a fragmented tribal society under the principles of consultation, justice, and collective responsibility. Prior to his mission, Arabia was divided into various warring tribes, each with its own allegiances and systems of governance, often governed by power struggles and entrenched practices of exploitation. At the same time, the Roman and Persian empires exerted influence over neighbouring regions, and the Jews had their own separate domains. However, by the final years of the Prophet ﷺ's life, his leadership had laid the groundwork for a unified and cohesive political system that extended far beyond the Arabian Peninsula.

This political revolution reached its peak under the leadership of the Prophet’s ﷺ companion and second caliph, Umar ibn al-Khattab, who expanded the Islamic empire to encompass much of the Arabian Peninsula and beyond. Within a mere decade after the Prophet ﷺ's death, the Islamic state had evolved from a small community in Madinah into a formidable empire, all while upholding the core values of justice, accountability, and governance based on the rule of law.

One of the most profound aspects of the Prophet ﷺ's political system was its commitment to governance based on accountability. The political system he established was not one of oppression or exploitation, but one where leaders were accountable to the people. Under his leadership, the Prophet ﷺ emphasized that even the rulers were not above the law. He famously stated that if his own daughter, Fatimah, were to steal, he would implement the law and cut off her hand, demonstrating that no one was exempt from the principles of justice. This was a far cry from the power structures of the time, where rulers often exploited the weak, marginalized the poor, and allowed their own families to live in luxury while the people suffered.

The Prophet Muhammad’s ﷺ political system also laid the foundation for what would later become a welfare state. The focus was on service to the people, especially the most vulnerable. The stories of Umar, the second caliph, who personally ensured the well-being of an elderly woman, or of his wife nursing a pregnant woman, stand as powerful examples of the compassion embedded in the political system. This sense of responsibility for the weak and marginalized extended to the establishment of zakat, which was not seen as mere charity but as a right of the poor. In fact, during the time of the caliphs, there were instances when there was no one left to accept charity, as the state had successfully provided for all citizens.

Another hallmark of the his political system was its emphasis on equality and justice for all. The Constitution of Madinah, drafted under the Prophet’s ﷺ guidance, outlined the rights and responsibilities of Muslims, Jews, and other tribes living within Madinah, establishing a pluralistic society where diverse communities could coexist peacefully. The treaty ensured that all members of society, regardless of their faith, were treated equally and fairly under the law. This was in stark contrast to the tribal politics of the time, where the powerful often imposed their will on the weak and different groups were treated with prejudice.

Another remarkable example of the Prophet ﷺ's commitment to peaceful coexistence was in Madinah itself. Here, Jews, Christians, and various Arab tribes lived together in harmony, united by the principles outlined in the Constitution of Madinah. This ground-breaking document established a framework where religious freedom was guaranteed, allowing communities to practice their faiths without interference. It also promoted mutual respect and collective responsibility among all citizens, regardless of their ethnic or religious backgrounds. This constitution ensured that the diverse groups in Madinah lived not as rivals, but as a cohesive, interdependent society, working together for the common good.

The Educational Revolution

Before the advent of Islam, pre-Islamic Arabia was a society steeped in illiteracy. The majority of its people had little access to written knowledge, and learning was largely oral. The intellectual landscape of the Arabian Peninsula was shaped by an oral tradition, with poetry being the most significant form of literary expression. The themes of the Poetry were dominated by a few recurring subjects: war, wine, and women. The poets of this era, revered as the intellectual elite, often composed verses celebrating the valour of warriors, the pleasures of wine, and the beauty of women. These poems were not merely artistic expressions but were also a reflection of the values and priorities of the time—focused on personal glory, the harshness of tribal life, and the transient joys of earthly existence.

In this world of limited intellectual engagement, Islam would ignite a revolutionary shift—a transformation that would lay the foundation for one of the greatest educational revolutions in history. The greatest educational revolution in history can be traced back to the rise of Islam, where the pursuit of knowledge was not simply an intellectual or secular activity but a religious obligation. At the heart of this revolution was a divine command: "Read!" (Quran 96:1). This single command in the Quran set the stage for a monumental transformation in the way societies viewed education and intellectual growth.

He ﷺ reinforced this divine imperative, urging his followers to seek knowledge persistently. He declared, "Seeking knowledge is an obligation upon every Muslim" (Sunan Ibn Majah 224). He also emphasized its value by saying, "Whoever takes a path upon which to obtain knowledge, Allah makes the path to Paradise easy for him" (Sahih Muslim 2699). Recognizing the transformative power of learning, the Prophet ﷺ encouraged efforts across all domains, remarking, "Wisdom is the lost property of the believer; wherever he finds it, he is most deserving of it" (Jami' at-Tirmidhi 2687). These profound statements inspired generations of Muslims to excel in various fields of knowledge, sparking a profound cultural and intellectual renaissance that would shape the world for centuries to come.

By framing the pursuit of knowledge as a religious duty, Islam ignited a passion for learning that spanned theology, philosophy, science, medicine, mathematics, astronomy, and the arts. The Islamic Golden Age, which flourished between the 8th and 13th centuries, stands as a testament to the enduring power of this intellectual movement. Thinkers such as Avicenna (Ibn Sina), Al-Farabi, Al-Razi, and Al-Khwarizmi became legends in their respective fields, preserving, expanding, and transmitting the ancient wisdom of Greece, Rome, and Persia, while simultaneously making ground-breaking contributions that laid the foundation for the European Renaissance centuries later.

Islamic scholars delved into the depths of theology, philosophy, science, and art, each field benefiting from the profound integration of intellectual and spiritual inquiry. In theology, they explored questions about God, divine justice, and human morality, producing rich and complex works that would influence generations. In philosophy, scholars like Ibn Rushd (Averroes) and Al-Ghazali debated the relationship between faith and reason, bridging the gap between religious and philosophical thought. The contributions to science were no less remarkable, with figures such as Al-Razi revolutionizing medicine and Ibn al-Haytham pioneering modern optics. The field of mathematics was similarly transformed, with Al-Khwarizmi's development of algebra laying the groundwork for later advances in mathematics and engineering.

This educational revolution was not confined to the elite or intellectual circles. The Quran, with its emphasis on learning and reflection, became a powerful catalyst for a societal transformation that valued literacy and intellectual growth. The Quran’s call to "Read!" initiated a cultural shift, shifting literacy from a luxury of the few to a societal value that permeated all levels of society. This shift was made tangible through the establishment of madrasas (religious schools), libraries, and educational institutions throughout the Islamic world, which became centres for learning that welcomed students from all backgrounds.

The profound importance placed on education reshaped societies across the Islamic world, transforming a largely illiterate population into one that revered literacy and intellectual inquiry. The creation of libraries, such as the legendary House of Wisdom in Baghdad, and the development of madrasas helped ensure that knowledge was not only preserved but also expanded. Students from all walks of life had access to an education that encouraged curiosity and intellectual exploration. These educational institutions became the heart of the intellectual revolution, producing a legacy of knowledge that would influence generations of thinkers across the globe.

The greatest educational revolution in history, sparked by the teaching of the Prophet ﷺ and his call to knowledge, had profound and lasting effects. It led to a flourishing of learning and intellectual inquiry that reached far beyond the confines of the Islamic world, influencing Europe during the Renaissance and shaping modern science, medicine, and philosophy. The scholars of the Islamic Golden Age preserved and built upon the works of ancient civilizations, ensuring that knowledge was passed down through generations and across cultures.

No One Has Ever Been Followed Like Him

To what extent is the Prophet ﷺ imitated! How accurately is he emulated! How many people strive to follow his every action! And with how much love, reverence, and grandeur is this imitation carried out! No other human being in history has been as widely and lovingly imitated as the Prophet Muhammadﷺ. A Muslim’s life, from dawn to dusk and beyond, is interwoven with practices inspired by his teachings, reflecting an unparalleled devotion and attention to detail.

A Muslim’s day begins with praising Allah, a practice rooted in the Prophet’s ﷺ habit of commencing his day with heartfelt supplications. These exact supplications, preserved with care, are repeated by countless Muslims every morning. Before dawn, as the world sleeps, the believer awakens and recites Quranic verses reflecting on Allah’s signs in the creation of the heavens and the earth, just as the Prophet ﷺ did.

The ritual purification of ablution (wudu), a prerequisite for prayer, mirrors the precise actions and supplications taught by the Prophet ﷺ. Facing the Kaaba, the Muslim washes their hands, face, arms, and feet in a specific order, accompanying each step with heartfelt prayers. Every detail—from the number of times water is poured to the way each body part is cleansed—faithfully reflects the Prophet’s ﷺ example. As dawn breaks, the call to prayer (adhan) echoes, reminiscent of the call made by Bilal during the Prophet’s ﷺ time. Muslims then perform the two units of Sunnah prayer before the obligatory Fajr prayer, replicating the Prophet’s ﷺ exact postures, hand gestures, and recitations. Every bow, prostration, and supplication during Fajr is performed with utmost care, adhering to the Prophet’s ﷺ teachings.

This imitation extends beyond prayer. In fasting during Ramadan, believers follow the Prophet’s ﷺ guidance on when to break the fast, what to avoid, and how to act if the fast is unintentionally broken. In acts of worship like Hajj, Zakat, Friday prayers, and Eid celebrations, every step is modelled after the Prophet’s ﷺ actions. Even in daily routines—business dealings, sleep, waking, eating, and interacting with others—the Prophet’s ﷺ example is meticulously followed.

But the Prophet ﷺ didn’t just teach actions; he imparted values and ethics. His statement, “None of you truly believes until he loves for his brother what he loves for himself,” continues to guide Muslim interactions, fostering trust and harmony. From greeting others with “As-salamu alaykum” to showing kindness to neighbours, believers strive to emulate his mercy and integrity in all social interactions.

When a child is born, parents often name them Muhammad or Ahmad or choose names beloved by the Prophet ﷺ. This act instils a lifelong connection with him. Parents also teach their children the Prophet’s ﷺ knowledge, values, and compassion—his love for orphans, kindness to parents, and care for the needy. His ﷺ personal habits—using kohl, wearing perfume, applying oil to his hair, and trimming his nails—are carefully adopted by believers, turning simple acts into cherished traditions.

His ﷺ guidance also encompasses health and personal care. His recommendations—performing hijama (cupping), eating moderately, using black seed, sleeping early, taking afternoon naps, and brushing teeth before and after meals—are still integrated into daily life, promoting physical well-being and mindfulness. His advice on gatherings, travel, and personal hygiene are equally observed, elevating these actions into acts of devotion.

Not only are the teachings and actions of the Prophet ﷺ about life meticulously imitated, but his guidance concerning the afterlife of a person is followed with the same devotion and precision. How should a deceased person be cared for? How should one pray for them? How is the Funeral Prayer (Salat al-Janazah) to be performed? What supplications should be included in that prayer? How should the deceased be bathed? Should martyrs be bathed at all? How should a person be placed in their grave, and in which direction should their face be turned? Who inherits the deceased's property, and how should it be distributed? What should be done about the debts of the deceased?

All these questions were answered by the Prophet ﷺ with clarity, and to this day, his instructions are followed precisely. From washing the body of the deceased in a manner the Prophet ﷺ prescribed—gently and with care—to ensuring the burial takes place with the face turned towards the Qiblah, every step reflects his guidance. The martyrs, as per his teachings, are buried in the condition they were found, unbathed and shrouded in their clothes, as a mark of their noble sacrifice.

Even after burial, the Prophet’s ﷺ example continues to guide the actions of the living for the deceased. Good deeds done on behalf of the departed are modelled after his practices. For instance, the Prophet ﷺ prepared food for the friends of Khadijah on her remembrance days, showing how love and memory transcend time. When Sa‘d ibn Ubadah passed away, the Prophet ﷺ instructed the digging of a well in his name as an ongoing charity (sadaqah jariyah). These examples inspire countless acts of kindness performed by believers for their deceased loved ones. How many wells are still being dug today by children in honour of their deceased mothers, following the Prophetic tradition? How many believers dedicate charitable acts, prayers, and supplications to benefit their loved ones in the afterlife, imitating the practices of the Prophet ﷺ?

Even the smallest of details in life and death are addressed in his teachings. Once, a Jew asked Salman al-Farisi, “You claim your Prophet ﷺ taught you everything. Did he even teach you how to behave when relieving yourself?” Salman replied confidently, “Yes, indeed. He has forbidden us to face the Qiblah at the time of easing oneself or urinating. He has also forbidden us from cleansing ourselves with our right hand, from using less than three stones for cleaning, or using dung or bone for the purpose.”

How extraordinary it is that a man who walked this earth over 1,400 years ago continues to shape lives so profoundly! Every step, every word, every gesture of the Prophet ﷺ serves as a guiding light, illuminating the path of millions with love, reverence, and hope. 

End of the Session

Read Biography of the Messenger of Allah 

No One Has Transformed the World This Deeply

No single man in history has brought about such a profound and far-reaching revolution in the human realm. Within a span of just 23 years, he transformed not only the spiritual beliefs of a people but also their social, political, economic, and moral structures. The changes he initiated went beyond his immediate environment, sparking a movement that reshaped the course of human history. No Prophet Muhammad ﷺ or reformer has ever achieved such a complete transformation of individuals, societies, and civilizations—all while embodying the teachings he conveyed in his own life.

Spiritual Revolution

Prophet Muhammad ﷺ revolutionized humanity's understanding of God, transforming a world mired in polytheism and idol worship into one rooted in the pure monotheism of Islam, emphasizing the Oneness of God (Tawheed). Before his time, countless idols were worshipped—figures carved from stone, each representing different deities for various needs and desires. People devoted themselves to these lifeless creations, abandoning one idol for another when a more appealing form was crafted. The grandeur of the Lord of the Universe—the Creator and Sustainer of all—was forgotten. The timeless teachings of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺs, from Adam to Jesus, had been distorted or neglected, leaving humanity adrift in spiritual ignorance.

Through his message, the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ re-established the direct connection between the Creator and Prophet Muhammad’s creation, eliminating the need for intermediaries. Prophet Muhammad called people to turn away from worshipping objects, trees, and spirits, reminding them of their true purpose: devotion to the One True God. This renewed relationship was not merely theological but deeply personal and transformative. Human hearts, once burdened by superstition and blind rituals, found clarity and peace in recognizing their Creator. The purpose of existence—to know, love, and serve God—was revived and beautifully instilled in the human soul.

The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ also introduced a universal message of submission to God and accountability in the Hereafter. This profound understanding of servanthood to the Almighty infused life with humility, justice, and vigilance. A person who submits to God becomes acutely aware of the moral boundaries set by the Creator, striving to respect the rights of others and avoid transgressions. Submission to God shaped character, encouraging kindness, goodness, and an aversion to evil. With the assurance of ultimate accountability, every action gained weight, propelling individuals toward virtue and away from harm. In this spiritual revolution, humanity rediscovered its purpose and its rightful place in the vast order of creation.

The Social Revolution

The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ established a social system of unparalleled beauty, humanity, compassion, and empathy—one that transformed the very fabric of society. Prophet Muhammad abolished entrenched practices such as tribalism, racism, and social hierarchies, replacing them with a system of profound equality and brotherhood under the concept of ummah—a single community of believers. The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ instilled the belief that all human beings, regardless of their race, tribe, or social status, are part of the same human lineage, originating from the single parenthood of Adam and Eve. This concept eliminated the age-old ideas of superiority based on tribal affiliations, skin colour, or social class. Prophet Muhammad ﷺ emphasized that the only distinction between individuals was their piety and good deeds, saying, “None have superiority except by piety and good action.”

This revolutionary belief had a profound impact on society. In a culture that previously marginalized certain groups—such as the Ethiopians and blacks—people like Bilal ibn Rabah, an African former slave, were elevated to positions of immense respect. Bilal became the first muezzin, a role of great honour in the early Muslim community. Prophet Muhammad’s story is a testament to the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ's vision of equality, where people of all races stood united in worship and reverence, side by side. The Prophet Muhammad’s ﷺ society was one where everyone was equal before the law—whether black or white, rich or poor—because all were equal in the eyes of God. No tribe was given preferential treatment, and there was no justice based on race or wealth. In pre-Islamic Arabia, tribes had their own separate laws, and the punishment for a crime often depended on the social status of the perpetrator’s tribe. However, the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ established a single, unified legal system based on justice and equality, a concept unimaginable before his time.

Prophet Muhammad’s famous farewell sermon encapsulates this ethos: “An Arab has no superiority over a non-Arab, nor does a non-Arab over an Arab; a white has no superiority over a black, nor does a black over a white; none have superiority except by piety and good action.” This was not just a theory but a practical reality that the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ demonstrated through his actions and leadership. Prophet Muhammad’s companions, from diverse backgrounds including Arabs, Persians, Romans, and Africans, were treated with the utmost respect and dignity. Among these companions were individuals like Salman al-Farsi, a Persian, and Suhayb ar-Rumi, a Roman, both of whom were esteemed figures in the Muslim community.

The Constitution of Madinah, drafted shortly after the Prophet Muhammad’s ﷺ migration, established a pluralistic society where people of various races, tribes, and religions coexisted peacefully. It guaranteed equal rights and protections for all citizens, including Jews, Christians, and Muslims. The document resolved disputes based on justice rather than tribal affiliations, fostering a harmonious society where people of diverse backgrounds could live together in mutual respect and understanding.

Furthermore, the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ's revolution extended to the elevation of women's status in a society where they were often treated as property. In pre-Islamic Arabia, women had no rights to inheritance, property, or even their own freedom. Prophet Muhammad’s message completely transformed this reality. Women were granted rights to inherit, own property, receive education, and participate in social and religious affairs. Prophet Muhammad abolished practices such as female infanticide and instituted legal protections for women’s rights in marriage, divorce, and child custody.

Prophet Muhammad ﷺ placed great importance on the education of women, emphasizing that seeking knowledge was a duty for all Muslims, regardless of gender. Prophet Muhammad’s wife Aisha, one of the foremost scholars of her time, narrated over 2,200 hadiths and became a key source of guidance for many companions. Women under his ﷺ leadership engaged in various fields, including medicine, law, trade, and social welfare. Prophet Muhammad’s first wife Khadijah was a successful businesswoman, and the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ often consulted his wives on matters of great importance. During the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, it was Umm Salama—his wise and astute wife—who advised him on a critical strategic move.

A core tenet of the Prophet Muhammad’s ﷺ teachings was the kind and compassionate treatment of women. Prophet Muhammad famously said, “The best of you are those who are the best to their women.” Prophet Muhammad’s ﷺ own actions exemplified this principle—he would often show affection and respect to his daughter Fatimah, standing up for her and kissing her on the forehead, gestures that starkly contrasted with the harsh and demeaning treatment women often received in pre-Islamic society. Prophet Muhammad’s actions and words left an indelible mark on his followers, inspiring them to embody justice, mercy, and respect in their treatment of women. As Aisha remarked, “Prophet Muhammad’s character was the Qur'an,” emphasizing that the Prophet Muhammad’s ﷺ life was a living testament to the divine principles he conveyed. The Qur’an reinforces this vision of compassion and respect, urging, “Live with them in kindness” (Qur'an 4:19).

The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ also took extraordinary measures to protect the rights of the most vulnerable members of society—the orphans, the poor, and the marginalized. Prophet Muhammad fostered a culture of care, social responsibility, and charity, ensuring that these groups were given their due rights and treated with dignity. Prophet Muhammad’s emphasis on caring for orphans was so strong that he compared the one who looks after an orphan to himself in paradise. Prophet Muhammad encouraged the rich to share their wealth with the poor, making it clear that wealth was a means of testing a person’s generosity, and that those who hoarded their wealth would be held accountable. Prophet Muhammad’s ﷺ teachings inspired his followers to establish a welfare system, ensuring that no one was left behind, regardless of their social standing. In this way, he ﷺ created a society that was not only just but also compassionate, a society where every individual, regardless of their status, was seen and valued as a member of the larger ummah.

The Political Revolution

The Prophet Muhammadﷺ brought about a revolutionary transformation in the political landscape of Arabia, uniting a fragmented tribal society under the principles of consultation, justice, and collective responsibility. Prior to his mission, Arabia was divided into various warring tribes, each with its own allegiances and systems of governance, often governed by power struggles and entrenched practices of exploitation. At the same time, the Roman and Persian empires exerted influence over neighbouring regions, and the Jews had their own separate domains. However, by the final years of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ's life, his leadership had laid the groundwork for a unified and cohesive political system that extended far beyond the Arabian Peninsula.

This political revolution reached its peak under the leadership of the Prophet Muhammad’s ﷺ companion and second caliph, Umar ibn al-Khattab, who expanded the Islamic empire to encompass much of the Arabian Peninsula and beyond. Within a mere decade after the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ's death, the Islamic state had evolved from a small community in Madinah into a formidable empire, all while upholding the core values of justice, accountability, and governance based on the rule of law.

One of the most profound aspects of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ's political system was its commitment to governance based on accountability. The political system he established was not one of oppression or exploitation, but one where leaders were accountable to the people. Under his leadership, the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ emphasized that even the rulers were not above the law. Prophet Muhammad famously stated that if his own daughter, Fatimah, were to steal, he would implement the law and cut off her hand, demonstrating that no one was exempt from the principles of justice. This was a far cry from the power structures of the time, where rulers often exploited the weak, marginalized the poor, and allowed their own families to live in luxury while the people suffered.

The Prophet Muhammad’s ﷺ political system also laid the foundation for what would later become a welfare state. The focus was on service to the people, especially the most vulnerable. The stories of Umar, the second caliph, who personally ensured the well-being of an elderly woman, or of his wife nursing a pregnant woman, stand as powerful examples of the compassion embedded in the political system. This sense of responsibility for the weak and marginalized extended to the establishment of zakat, which was not seen as mere charity but as a right of the poor. In fact, during the time of the caliphs, there were instances when there was no one left to accept charity, as the state had successfully provided for all citizens.

Another hallmark of the his political system was its emphasis on equality and justice for all. The Constitution of Madinah, drafted under the Prophet Muhammad’s ﷺ guidance, outlined the rights and responsibilities of Muslims, Jews, and other tribes living within Madinah, establishing a pluralistic society where diverse communities could coexist peacefully. The treaty ensured that all members of society, regardless of their faith, were treated equally and fairly under the law. This was in stark contrast to the tribal politics of the time, where the powerful often imposed their will on the weak and different groups were treated with prejudice.

Another remarkable example of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ's commitment to peaceful coexistence was in Madinah itself. Here, Jews, Christians, and various Arab tribes lived together in harmony, united by the principles outlined in the Constitution of Madinah. This ground-breaking document established a framework where religious freedom was guaranteed, allowing communities to practice their faiths without interference. It also promoted mutual respect and collective responsibility among all citizens, regardless of their ethnic or religious backgrounds. This constitution ensured that the diverse groups in Madinah lived not as rivals, but as a cohesive, interdependent society, working together for the common good.

The Educational Revolution

Before the advent of Islam, pre-Islamic Arabia was a society steeped in illiteracy. The majority of its people had little access to written knowledge, and learning was largely oral. The intellectual landscape of the Arabian Peninsula was shaped by an oral tradition, with poetry being the most significant form of literary expression. The themes of the Poetry were dominated by a few recurring subjects: war, wine, and women. The poets of this era, revered as the intellectual elite, often composed verses celebrating the valour of warriors, the pleasures of wine, and the beauty of women. These poems were not merely artistic expressions but were also a reflection of the values and priorities of the time—focused on personal glory, the harshness of tribal life, and the transient joys of earthly existence.

In this world of limited intellectual engagement, Islam would ignite a revolutionary shift—a transformation that would lay the foundation for one of the greatest educational revolutions in history. The greatest educational revolution in history can be traced back to the rise of Islam, where the pursuit of knowledge was not simply an intellectual or secular activity but a religious obligation. At the heart of this revolution was a divine command: "Read!" (Quran 96:1). This single command in the Quran set the stage for a monumental transformation in the way societies viewed education and intellectual growth.

Prophet Muhammad ﷺ reinforced this divine imperative, urging his followers to seek knowledge persistently. Prophet Muhammad declared, "Seeking knowledge is an obligation upon every Muslim" (Sunan Ibn Majah 224). Prophet Muhammad also emphasized its value by saying, "Whoever takes a path upon which to obtain knowledge, Allah makes the path to Paradise easy for him" (Sahih Muslim 2699). Recognizing the transformative power of learning, the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ encouraged efforts across all domains, remarking, "Wisdom is the lost property of the believer; wherever he finds it, he is most deserving of it" (Jami' at-Tirmidhi 2687). These profound statements inspired generations of Muslims to excel in various fields of knowledge, sparking a profound cultural and intellectual renaissance that would shape the world for centuries to come.

By framing the pursuit of knowledge as a religious duty, Islam ignited a passion for learning that spanned theology, philosophy, science, medicine, mathematics, astronomy, and the arts. The Islamic Golden Age, which flourished between the 8th and 13th centuries, stands as a testament to the enduring power of this intellectual movement. Thinkers such as Avicenna (Ibn Sina), Al-Farabi, Al-Razi, and Al-Khwarizmi became legends in their respective fields, preserving, expanding, and transmitting the ancient wisdom of Greece, Rome, and Persia, while simultaneously making ground-breaking contributions that laid the foundation for the European Renaissance centuries later.

Islamic scholars delved into the depths of theology, philosophy, science, and art, each field benefiting from the profound integration of intellectual and spiritual inquiry. In theology, they explored questions about God, divine justice, and human morality, producing rich and complex works that would influence generations. In philosophy, scholars like Ibn Rushd (Averroes) and Al-Ghazali debated the relationship between faith and reason, bridging the gap between religious and philosophical thought. The contributions to science were no less remarkable, with figures such as Al-Razi revolutionizing medicine and Ibn al-Haytham pioneering modern optics. The field of mathematics was similarly transformed, with Al-Khwarizmi's development of algebra laying the groundwork for later advances in mathematics and engineering.

This educational revolution was not confined to the elite or intellectual circles. The Quran, with its emphasis on learning and reflection, became a powerful catalyst for a societal transformation that valued literacy and intellectual growth. The Quran’s call to "Read!" initiated a cultural shift, shifting literacy from a luxury of the few to a societal value that permeated all levels of society. This shift was made tangible through the establishment of madrasas (religious schools), libraries, and educational institutions throughout the Islamic world, which became centres for learning that welcomed students from all backgrounds.

The profound importance placed on education reshaped societies across the Islamic world, transforming a largely illiterate population into one that revered literacy and intellectual inquiry. The creation of libraries, such as the legendary House of Wisdom in Baghdad, and the development of madrasas helped ensure that knowledge was not only preserved but also expanded. Students from all walks of life had access to an education that encouraged curiosity and intellectual exploration. These educational institutions became the heart of the intellectual revolution, producing a legacy of knowledge that would influence generations of thinkers across the globe.

The greatest educational revolution in history, sparked by the teaching of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ and his call to knowledge, had profound and lasting effects. It led to a flourishing of learning and intellectual inquiry that reached far beyond the confines of the Islamic world, influencing Europe during the Renaissance and shaping modern science, medicine, and philosophy. The scholars of the Islamic Golden Age preserved and built upon the works of ancient civilizations, ensuring that knowledge was passed down through generations and across cultures.

No One Has Ever Been Followed Like Him

To what extent is the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ imitated! How accurately is he emulated! How many people strive to follow his every action! And with how much love, reverence, and grandeur is this imitation carried out! No other human being in history has been as widely and lovingly imitated as the Prophet Muhammadﷺ. A Muslim’s life, from dawn to dusk and beyond, is interwoven with practices inspired by his teachings, reflecting an unparalleled devotion and attention to detail.

A Muslim’s day begins with praising Allah, a practice rooted in the Prophet Muhammad’s ﷺ habit of commencing his day with heartfelt supplications. These exact supplications, preserved with care, are repeated by countless Muslims every morning. Before dawn, as the world sleeps, the believer awakens and recites Quranic verses reflecting on Allah’s signs in the creation of the heavens and the earth, just as the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ did.

The ritual purification of ablution (wudu), a prerequisite for prayer, mirrors the precise actions and supplications taught by the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ. Facing the Kaaba, the Muslim washes their hands, face, arms, and feet in a specific order, accompanying each step with heartfelt prayers. Every detail—from the number of times water is poured to the way each body part is cleansed—faithfully reflects the Prophet Muhammad’s ﷺ example. As dawn breaks, the call to prayer (adhan) echoes, reminiscent of the call made by Bilal during the Prophet Muhammad’s ﷺ time. Muslims then perform the two units of Sunnah prayer before the obligatory Fajr prayer, replicating the Prophet Muhammad’s ﷺ exact postures, hand gestures, and recitations. Every bow, prostration, and supplication during Fajr is performed with utmost care, adhering to the Prophet Muhammad’s ﷺ teachings.

This imitation extends beyond prayer. In fasting during Ramadan, believers follow the Prophet Muhammad’s ﷺ guidance on when to break the fast, what to avoid, and how to act if the fast is unintentionally broken. In acts of worship like Hajj, Zakat, Friday prayers, and Eid celebrations, every step is modelled after the Prophet Muhammad’s ﷺ actions. Even in daily routines—business dealings, sleep, waking, eating, and interacting with others—the Prophet Muhammad’s ﷺ example is meticulously followed.

But the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ didn’t just teach actions; he imparted values and ethics. Prophet Muhammad’s statement, “None of you truly believes until he loves for his brother what he loves for himself,” continues to guide Muslim interactions, fostering trust and harmony. From greeting others with “As-salamu alaykum” to showing kindness to neighbours, believers strive to emulate his mercy and integrity in all social interactions.

When a child is born, parents often name them Muhammad or Ahmad or choose names beloved by the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ. This act instils a lifelong connection with him. Parents also teach their children the Prophet Muhammad’s ﷺ knowledge, values, and compassion—his love for orphans, kindness to parents, and care for the needy. Prophet Muhammad’s ﷺ personal habits—using kohl, wearing perfume, applying oil to his hair, and trimming his nails—are carefully adopted by believers, turning simple acts into cherished traditions.

Prophet Muhammad’s ﷺ guidance also encompasses health and personal care. Prophet Muhammad’s recommendations—performing hijama (cupping), eating moderately, using black seed, sleeping early, taking afternoon naps, and brushing teeth before and after meals—are still integrated into daily life, promoting physical well-being and mindfulness. Prophet Muhammad’s advice on gatherings, travel, and personal hygiene are equally observed, elevating these actions into acts of devotion.

Not only are the teachings and actions of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ about life meticulously imitated, but his guidance concerning the afterlife of a person is followed with the same devotion and precision. How should a deceased person be cared for? How should one pray for them? How is the Funeral Prayer (Salat al-Janazah) to be performed? What supplications should be included in that prayer? How should the deceased be bathed? Should martyrs be bathed at all? How should a person be placed in their grave, and in which direction should their face be turned? Who inherits the deceased's property, and how should it be distributed? What should be done about the debts of the deceased?

All these questions were answered by the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ with clarity, and to this day, his instructions are followed precisely. From washing the body of the deceased in a manner the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ prescribed—gently and with care—to ensuring the burial takes place with the face turned towards the Qiblah, every step reflects his guidance. The martyrs, as per his teachings, are buried in the condition they were found, unbathed and shrouded in their clothes, as a mark of their noble sacrifice.

Even after burial, the Prophet Muhammad’s ﷺ example continues to guide the actions of the living for the deceased. Good deeds done on behalf of the departed are modelled after his practices. For instance, the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ prepared food for the friends of Khadijah on her remembrance days, showing how love and memory transcend time. When Sa‘d ibn Ubadah passed away, the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ instructed the digging of a well in his name as an ongoing charity (sadaqah jariyah). These examples inspire countless acts of kindness performed by believers for their deceased loved ones. How many wells are still being dug today by children in honour of their deceased mothers, following the Prophet Muhammadic tradition? How many believers dedicate charitable acts, prayers, and supplications to benefit their loved ones in the afterlife, imitating the practices of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ?

Even the smallest of details in life and death are addressed in his teachings. Once, a Jew asked Salman al-Farisi, “You claim your Prophet Muhammad ﷺ taught you everything. Did he even teach you how to behave when relieving yourself?” Salman replied confidently, “Yes, indeed. Prophet Muhammad has forbidden us to face the Qiblah at the time of easing oneself or urinating. Prophet Muhammad has also forbidden us from cleansing ourselves with our right hand, from using less than three stones for cleaning, or using dung or bone for the purpose.”

How extraordinary it is that a man who walked this earth over 1,400 years ago continues to shape lives so profoundly! Every step, every word, every gesture of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ serves as a guiding light, illuminating the path of millions with love, reverence, and hope.