The Prophet Muhammad : The Battle of  Khybar

After the Hudaybiyah peace treaty with the Quraysh of Makkah, the Muslims gained a period of calm. The Quraysh, who had fiercely opposed the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) for years, chose peace over war. This shift weakened their alliances with other hostile groups, like the Ghatafan tribe and certain Jewish tribes. With the Quraysh no longer fighting, many tribes across Arabia began to respect the Muslims more.

However, the Jewish tribes in Khaybar and others remained hostile. Earlier, during the Battle of the Trench (5 AH), Jewish groups in Madinah had broken their peace agreement with the Muslims, secretly aiding enemy tribes like the Quraysh and Ghatafan. Together, these groups besieged Madinah with 10,000 fighters, but the Muslims defended the city by digging a trench—a new strategy that saved them.

A year later, the Prophet learned that the Jews of Khaybar—a strong fortress 60-80 miles from Madinah—were preparing for war, gathering weapons and allies like the Ghatafan tribe. Determined to protect the Muslim community, the Prophet swiftly marched to Khaybar with his companions shortly after returning from Hudaybiyah (6 AH). Historians differ on the exact date but agree it occurred in the 7th year after the Hijra.

The Khaybar campaign aimed to end ongoing threats, secure Madinah, and demonstrate the growing strength of the Muslims after years of struggle.

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The Prophet Muhammad : The Devine Promise of Spoils of War

After the Treaty of Hudaybiyah, a Quranic verse (48:20) hinted that Muslims would soon gain spoils of war. This led some hypocrites—those who had earlier refused to join the Prophet’s peaceful pilgrimage to Makkah—to suddenly want to join the Khaybar expedition, hoping for wealth. But the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) firmly declared that only those committed to sincere struggle, not material gain, could accompany him. The hypocrites withdrew, leaving the 1,400 loyal Companions who had endured the hardships of Hudaybiyah to march to Khaybar.

A verse was revealed addressing this situation, warning that those who stayed behind would later ask to join for selfish reasons but would be denied. It exposed their shallow understanding of faith and their accusations of jealousy against the believers.

The Companions were emotionally drained after Hudaybiyah. They had hoped to perform Umrah (pilgrimage) in Makkah but were forced to return without completing it. The treaty’s harsh terms—like returning Muslim refugees to Makkah—and the painful memory of Suhayl (the Makkan representative) altering the treaty’s wording (removing “Muhammad, Messenger of Allah” and God’s merciful names) weighed heavily on their hearts. The sight of Abu Jandal, a tortured believer dragged back to Makkah, deepened their sorrow.

The spoils from Khaybar, earned through their perseverance and loyalty, would later serve as divine consolation, easing their grief and rewarding their steadfastness. This marked a shift from the trials of Hudaybiyah to renewed hope and strength for the Muslim community.

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The Prophet Muhammad : The Journey Begins

The Prophet set out with 1,400 followers, traveling by night. During the journey, a companion asked Amir ibn Al-Akwa, known for his poetry, to lift their spirits. Amir recited verses praising Allah, seeking forgiveness, and asking for courage in battle: “O Allah, without You, we would not have found guidance… Grant us strength if we face the enemy.” When the Prophet (peace be upon him) heard the poem, he asked who recited it. Learning it was Amir, he prayed, “May Allah have mercy on him.” This prayer signaled Amir’s future martyrdom, as the Prophet only prayed specifically for those destined to die as martyrs.

Meanwhile, the Jews of Khaybar—joined by others who had left Medina—plotted against the Muslims. Though defeated in earlier battles, they clung to hope, relying on their strong forts and large army of 10,000 soldiers. Confident in their defenses, they mocked the idea of facing an attack, chanting daily, “Muhammad attack us? Impossible!” But their arrogance would soon be tested as the Muslims advanced with unwavering faith.

As the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) prepared to march toward Khaybar, the Jews still in Madinah mocked him, saying, “We won’t stop you from going, but when you see Khaybar’s towering forts and brave warriors, you’ll turn back! Their forts are built high on mountains, their land has plenty of water, and thousands of armored soldiers guard them. Even powerful tribes like Asad and Ghatfan couldn’t conquer them. Do you think you can?”

Their taunts spread among the Prophet’s companions, but the believers replied firmly, “Allah has already promised His Prophet victory over Khaybar.”

When the Muslims neared Khaybar, the Jews were working in their fields, unaware of the approaching army. But as soon as they realized the Prophet (peace be upon him) had arrived, panic erupted. They dropped their tools and fled to their forts, locking themselves inside with 20,000 soldiers. Their earlier boasts crumbled into fear as they hid behind their walls, bracing for battle.

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The Prophet Muhammad : The Surprising Strategy

The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and his 1,400 companions achieved victory over Khaybar’s mighty forts and armies through unwavering faith and divine help. Allah’s support, which had guided the Muslims in earlier battles like Badr and the conquest of Mecca, ensured their success here too. The Prophet’s wisdom in war tactics also played a key role.

Before attacking any place, the Prophet would wait until dawn. If he heard the adhan (Islamic call to prayer), he would hold back, respecting those who worshipped Allah. If not, he would launch the attack at daybreak. During the march to Khaybar, the Muslims arrived at night. At sunrise, the Prophet rode toward the fort with his companions, including young Anas, who rode behind Abu Talha. Anas later recalled how the Prophet often prayed for protection from fear, greed, and weakness during the journey.

The Jews of Khaybar, confident in their forts and 20,000 soldiers, were caught off guard. That morning, they left their forts as usual, carrying farming tools, unaware of the approaching army. When they suddenly saw the Prophet and his companions outside their gates, they screamed, “Muhammad and his army!” and fled in terror back to their forts. Their pride and weapons meant nothing in the face of the Muslims’ faith and the Prophet’s strategy.

The Prophet’s clever planning—keeping their advance secret, striking at dawn, and exploiting the enemy’s unpreparedness—crushed the Jews’ morale before the battle even began. This mirrored his later conquest of Mecca, where surprise and divine guidance led to bloodless victory. The lesson is clear: trust in Allah, paired with wise tactics, can overcome even the greatest odds.

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The Prophet Muhammad : The Siege

The Jewish tribes refused to make peace or compromise. The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ then called his followers to fight, explaining that their mission was not just about winning but defending what was right. He reminded them of their important duty to stand for truth and stop those trying to harm it.

Since the Jews rejected peace, the Muslims had no choice but to surround Khaybar’s forts. However, there were worries: they were far from Medina, had limited supplies, and faced a strong enemy in well-protected forts. The Jews hoped the Muslims would give up and leave if the siege dragged on. But the Prophet ﷺ and his followers knew leaving Khaybar untouched would risk Medina’s safety, as the Jews could grow stronger.

The challenge was breaking into the forts. The walls were thick, the enemy army was large, and the Muslims didn’t know how to attack. The Prophet ﷺ discussed plans with his followers, who all agreed the threat had to end. They decided to camp near the fortress of Al-Nata and continue the siege.

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The Prophet Muhammad : On the Blink of the Battle

The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ left Medina for Khaybar, passing through Isr (where a mosque was later built) and al-Sahba. The army stopped in the al-Raji valley, positioning themselves between Khaybar and the Ghatafan tribe to block any support from reaching Khaybar.

The Prophet ﷺ carried a black banner called Iqab and a white flag, which he gave to Ali ibn Abi Talib. He also assigned banners to leaders like Al-Habbab ibn Mundhir and Sa’d ibn Ubadah, urging his followers to stay strong and patient.

Khaybar was divided into two main areas with strong fortresses. The first area, Al-Natah, included forts like Naim, Al-Sa’b ibn Mu’adh, and Al-Zubayr, while nearby Al-Shaq held forts such as Ubayy and Al-Nazar. The second region, Al-Kutaybah, had three key forts: Al-Qamus, Al-Watih, and Al-Sulam. Smaller, weaker forts were scattered across the area. These strongholds posed a major challenge for the Muslims, who now prepared to confront the well-defended enemy.

The siege of the fortress of Naim in Khaybar was fiercely contested. The Muslims faced strong defences, and enemy arrows injured many companions, forcing them to retreat to their camp. The Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) remained on the battlefield, dressed in heavy armour and riding his horse, al-Dharb, while fighting courageously. Despite pleas from his companions to stay back, he refused and fought alongside them until evening. Each day, wounded Muslims were carried to the camp at Raji for treatment. On the first day alone, 50 Muslims were injured.

The fortress, one of Khaybar’s strongest, resisted capture. The Prophet (ﷺ) first assigned Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) to lead the attack, but he could not break through. The next day, Umar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) took charge but also failed. For nine days, the Muslims tried relentlessly without success.

Meanwhile, many companions fell ill due to Khaybar’s harsh climate and poor food. The Prophet (ﷺ) advised them to pour cold water over their bodies between the call to prayer (adhan) and its start (iqamah), while mentioning Allah’s name. This remedy healed their weakness, restoring their strength. The Muslims continued their efforts until the fortress was finally conquered.

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The Prophet Muhammad : Ali: the Chosen Warrior

He first handed the battle banner to Abu Bakr (R), who fought bravely but failed to breach the fortress. The next day, Umar (R) led the charge with equal courage but also returned unsuccessful. For two days, the Jews held firm.

The Prophet (ﷺ) then announced: “Tomorrow, I will give the banner to one whom Allah grants victory—a man who never flees, who loves Allah and His Messenger, and who fights wholeheartedly.” The companions eagerly awaited dawn, each hoping to be chosen. Umar (R) later admitted he had never desired leadership more.

When morning came, the Prophet (ﷺ) asked for Ali (R), who was absent due to a painful eye infection. Ali (R) arrived with one eye covered. The Prophet (ﷺ) gently called him forward, applied his blessed saliva to Ali’s eyes, and healed him instantly. Handing him the banner, the Prophet (ﷺ) instructed: “Invite the enemy to Islam first. If they refuse, fight them. If even one person accepts guidance through you, it is better than all worldly riches. Stop fighting only when they testify to Allah’s oneness and my prophethood.”

This moment highlights Islam’s core principles: conflicts were not waged for conquest or dominance but to protect faith and life. The Prophet (ﷺ) engaged in battle only when unavoidable—such as when enemies threatened Muslim lives, blocked worship, or plotted against him. Even then, he prioritized inviting opponents to peace and truth, embodying justice and mercy. Leaders and armies were urged to avoid aggression, fight only when compelled, and uphold ethical conduct in war. Through Ali (R), Allah granted victory, reinforcing that true strength lies in faith and unwavering trust in divine will.

As Ali (R) advanced toward Khaybar’s fortress, a Jewish defender on the walls called out, “Who are you?” When Ali replied, the Jew declared, “By the God of Moses, victory is yours!”—a response some accounts link to prophecies in Jewish scriptures about Ali’s triumph.

Ali (R) swiftly defeated Harith, the brother of the famed warrior Marhab. Next, he faced Amir, a towering giant. Despite multiple strikes, Amir resisted until Ali (R) severed his leg, disarming him. Yasir then challenged the Muslims, boasting his identity in verse. Zubair (R) joined the fight, and when Safiyya (R) worried for her son’s safety, the Prophet (ﷺ) reassured her, “Your son will prevail.” Yasir fell to Zubair (R), though some accounts credit Ali (R).

Finally, Marhab emerged, reciting bold verses about his unmatched strength. Ali (R) countered with his own declaration: “If you are Marhab, I am Haider (the Lion)!” Their duel ended when Ali (R) struck Marhab’s head, killing him. While some narrations differ—suggesting Muhammad ibn Maslamah (R) as the victor—most scholars, like Ibn al-Athir and Imam Nawawi, affirm Ali’s (R) role.

This pivotal moment at Khaybar underscored Ali’s (R) bravery and the Prophet’s trust in him. 

During the siege of Khaybar, the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) and his companions endured severe hunger for ten days at Al-Nata’. Desperate for aid, Asma’ ibn Haritha sought help from the Aslam tribe, but they too were starving and unable to assist. The Prophet (ﷺ) prayed fervently: “O Allah, grant them victory over the enemy’s strongest fortress, provide them food, and bless their provisions.”

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The Prophet Muhammad : Conquering the Fortresses

The focus then shifted to the fortress of Al-Sa’b, the second-most fortified stronghold after Naim, where Jewish fighters from Naim had taken refuge. Despite its towering defenses and 500 warriors, the Muslims—led by Al-Habab ibn Al-Mundhir (R)—besieged it for three days until it fell. Inside, they found vast stores of food, livestock, and treasures, a stark contrast to their own dire state of surviving on meager dates.

This victory not only broke the enemy’s resistance but also answered the Prophet’s prayer, relieving the Muslims’ hunger and renewing their strength. It underscored divine support in times of hardship and the triumph of perseverance guided by faith.

The Fort of Zubair, located on a hill, became a key battleground after Jews from nearby forts joined forces there. Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and his followers surrounded it for three days. A Jewish man named Ghazal approached, offering a deal: he would share a secret if granted safety. The Prophet agreed. Ghazal revealed that the fort had hidden water sources accessed at night. If cut off, the Jews would surrender. The Muslims blocked the water, leading to fierce fighting. One Muslim and ten Jews died. The Muslims captured the fort, ending Jewish control in Nata.

In another event, during a night patrol, Umar ibn al-Khattab encountered a Jewish man who begged to speak to the Prophet. The man, later named Simak, promised truthful information in exchange for safety. The Prophet assured his protection. Simak explained that the Jews in the Nata fortress were disorganized and fleeing to Shaq, a stronger fort with hidden weapons—including a broken catapult, two towers, armor, and swords. He urged the Muslims to use these tools to attack Shaq.

Umar believed Simak’s honesty. Simak then asked for his wife, held in another fort, to be spared. The Prophet promised her safety. The next day, the Muslims captured Nata and found the hidden weapons. They repaired the catapult and attacked Shaq, easily capturing it. The Prophet returned Simak’s wife as promised.

After further victories, Simak, moved by the Prophet’s integrity and the Muslims’ success, embraced Islam. He left Khaybar as a believer, marking the end of Jewish resistance in the area.

The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and his followers advanced toward the heavily fortified Shaq area, targeting the fortress of Ubayy. During the battle, a Jewish warrior named Ghazul challenged the Muslims to a duel. Hubab ibn al-Mundhir accepted, defeating Ghazul after a fierce fight. Another enemy warrior then called for a duel, but the Muslim fighter who stepped forward was martyred. Abu Dujana, a renowned Companion known for his courage, took up the challenge next. He swiftly defeated the enemy, cutting off his leg and claiming his weapons as spoils. The Prophet allowed Abu Dujana to keep the spoils, praising his bravery.

The Jews stopped calling for duels after these defeats. The Muslims, energized, stormed the fortress of Ubayy. Inside, they found food, supplies, and livestock left behind by fleeing defenders. They then moved to the next target: the fort of Al-Nazal at Shaq.

The Jews who had fled earlier regrouped at Al-Nazal, putting up fierce resistance with arrows and stones. During the attack, arrows struck the Prophet’s clothing, but he remained calm. He gathered pebbles and threw them toward the fort. By Allah’s power, the fort trembled, weakening its defenses. The Muslims seized the opportunity, charging forward and capturing the fort.

This victory at Al-Nazal marked another critical step in the Muslims’ successful campaign, showcasing their determination and divine support. The Prophet’s leadership and the bravery of his Companions ensured the fall of these strongholds, further consolidating Muslim control in the region.

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The Prophet Muhammad : The Fall of Khaybar

After capturing the fortresses of Al-Nata’a and Shaq, the remaining Jewish defenders fled to Al-Katibah, a heavily fortified area. The strongest among these was Al-Qamus, a fortress surrounded by marshes. Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and his followers besieged Al-Qamus for nearly 20 days, facing tough terrain and fierce resistance.

The Muslims continued their advance, conquering Khaybar’s fortresses one by one until only two remained: Watih and Sulalim. These were the last strongholds of the Jewish fighters. The Prophet besieged them for 14 days. As the Muslims prepared to attack with catapults, the Jewish leaders, fearing destruction, asked for peace and surrendered.

Despite facing 10,000 Jewish warriors armed with advanced weapons like catapults, the 1,400 Muslims, led by the Prophet, achieved a decisive victory. They captured eight major fortresses in total—each heavily defended and equipped with unmatched weaponry in Arabia.

This marked the fall of Khaybar, showcasing the Muslims’ strategic skill, perseverance, and divine support. The victory solidified their control over the region, ending Jewish resistance and establishing peace through negotiation.

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The Prophet Muhammad : The Peace Establishing Prophet

After conquering Khaybar, the Prophet Muhammadﷺ prioritized peace over revenge. Though he could have punished the Jewish community harshly for their past hostility, he chose instead to negotiate a fair treaty. The terms required the people of Khaybar to surrender their weapons, wealth, and land to the Muslims but allowed them to leave safely with their families and personal belongings. They were warned not to hide anything; if they did, the agreement would be broken.

There are slightly different accounts of the treaty. One version states the Jews handed over all gold, silver, and weapons but could keep whatever their animals could carry, except hidden items. After the conquest, the Prophetﷺ faced a practical challenge: the fertile land of Khaybar needed care to avoid becoming barren. Since Muslims lacked farming skills, he let the Jewish farmers stay and work the land under a new system. They would give half the yearly harvest to Medina’s government, while keeping the rest. A supervisor from Medina ensured fair division, and though some tried to bribe him, the system worked well. Over time, the people of Khaybar accepted this arrangement, even praising its fairness.

The Prophet’s approach showed deep wisdom. He protected farms, trees, and innocent lives during conflicts, avoiding unnecessary destruction. By letting skilled farmers stay, he ensured the land remained productive and fostered peaceful coexistence. His actions reflected compassion, justice, and respect for nature—values that created lasting stability and left a legacy of sustainable living.

After the Battle of Khaybar, the Prophet Muhammadﷺ ensured justice and compassion toward the defeated Jewish community. Though they were granted civil rights, some Muslims tried to take their crops and lands without permission. When the Prophetﷺ learned of these actions, he immediately stopped his followers, emphasizing the importance of respecting others’ property. He also ordered the return of seized Torah scrolls, honoring the sanctity of their faith.

Additionally, he banned temporary marriages with Jewish women, reinforcing ethical standards in relationships. To build trust, the Prophetﷺ married Safiya, a Jewish widow from Khaybar, who later embraced Islam. Despite her conversion, Safiya maintained strong ties with her Jewish relatives, even leaving a portion of her wealth to her nephew, who remained Jewish, at her death.

These actions highlight the Prophet’sﷺ commitment to fairness, dignity, and fostering harmony between communities, even after conflict. 

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The Prophet Muhammad : Ja'far's Return from Ethiopia

After the conquest of Khaybar, the Prophet Muhammadﷺ experienced a moment of profound joy with the return of his cousin, Ja’far ibn Abu Talib (R), who had been in exile in Abyssinia for years. When Ja’far arrived with a group of Muslims on two ships, the Prophetﷺ embraced him warmly, saying he could not decide what delighted him more: Ja’far’s safe return or the victory at Khaybar.

Around the same time, a group of over 50 Muslims from Yemen, including Abu Musa Ash’ari (R), traveled to join the Prophetﷺ in Madinah. During their journey, they met Ja’far’s group, and together they arrived after Khaybar’s conquest. Though they had not fought in the battle, the Prophetﷺ, after consulting his Companions, granted them a share of Khaybar’s wealth as a gesture of inclusion and solidarity.

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The Prophet Muhammad : The Expedition of Datu Rikhau

After the Battle of Khaybar, the Muslims grew stronger in faith and confidence, ready to face new challenges. Their strength worried nearby tribes, including Banu Mahrib and Banu Salib from the Ghatafan tribe, who planned to attack Medina. These tribes lived near Najd in modern-day Saudi Arabia. When Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) learned of their plans, he acted quickly. He gathered 400 to 700 followers and marched to the tribes’ territory to stop them before they could attack. He left Abu Dharr al-Ghifari (and sometimes Uthman ibn Affan) in charge of Medina during his absence.

When the enemy tribes heard the Muslims were approaching, they panicked and fled to the mountains. Both sides felt tense and uncertain. The Muslims worried the enemy might be hiding to ambush them, while the tribes feared the Prophet would not leave until he defeated them completely. This standoff became known as the Expedition of Datu Rika, possibly named after a nearby mountain marked by black and white stones. During the journey, many Muslims suffered injuries from the rough terrain but remained steadfast, their bandaged wounds symbolizing their resilience.

Historians disagree about when this event happened. Some say it occurred in the 4th year after the Hijrah (Migration to Medina), right after the Battle of the Trench (Khandaq). However, most agree it took place after the Battle of Khaybar.

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The Prophet Muhammad : The Campaign of Wonders

During the expedition, a miraculous event occurred involving Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). While resting under a tree, he hung his sword on a branch and slept. A man sneaked up, took the sword, and woke the Prophet, threatening him: “Who will protect you from me?” The Prophet calmly replied, “Allah will protect me.” Instantly, the sword fell from the man’s hand. The Prophet then picked it up and asked the man, “Who will protect you now?” The man, humbled, said, “You should be the best of those who bear arms.” Instead of punishing him, the Prophet forgave him and let him go. This story highlights the Prophet’s courage, trust in Allah, and his mercy even toward enemies.

Healing with the Prophet’s Blessings

During the same journey, a worried mother brought her child to the Prophet. The child was troubled by illness, possibly due to spiritual harm. The Prophet gently placed his blessed saliva into the child’s mouth and said, “I am the Messenger of Allah. O foe of Allah, be vanquished.” He reassured the mother that Allah would protect her child.

The Prophet taught that while medicines help cure physical ailments, spiritual healing through faith and supplication is also important. He emphasized that all cures come from Allah, whether through natural treatments, prayers, or blessings. For example, just as honey or musk (natural remedies) have healing properties, the Prophet’s saliva or relics could carry blessings by Allah’s will. This shows Islam’s balanced view: trust Allah’s power while using the means He provides, whether physical or spiritual.

The Miraculous Meal

During the expedition, Jabir (R) found three eggs and brought them to Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). Though there was no other food, the Prophet cooked the eggs, and everyone ate until they were full. Miraculously, the eggs never ran out—even after everyone had eaten, the dish remained full. This event, like many others in the Prophet’s life, showed Allah’s power to provide through small means when people trust in Him.

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A Prophecy of Martyrdom

A man once came to the Prophet wearing old, torn clothes. When the Prophet asked why he wasn’t wearing better clothes he owned, the man changed into them. The Prophet then remarked, “How excellent! If only he could attain martyrdom.” The man eagerly asked, “In Allah’s path?” The Prophet confirmed it. Later, the man was martyred in the Battle of Yamamah, fulfilling the Prophet’s words. This story highlights the honor of striving in Allah’s cause and the Prophet’s insight into people’s destinies.

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The Camel’s Plea

During the journey, a tired camel approached the Prophet (peace be upon him) and seemed to “speak” to him. The Prophet explained that the camel was complaining about being overworked and feared its owner would slaughter it. He asked Jabir (R) to find the owner, but Jabir didn’t recognize him. The camel then guided Jabir directly to its owner! The Prophet urged the man to treat the camel kindly instead of killing it. This event shows the Prophet’s compassion for animals and Allah’s wisdom in giving all creatures a voice in their own way.

The Speedy Camel

During a journey, Jabir’s (R) camel fell behind and slowed him down. Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) noticed his distress and asked for water. He blessed the water by spitting into it, sprinkled it on the camel, and struck it gently with a stick. Instantly, the camel raced ahead so fast that Jabir overtook even the Prophet’s camel! This miracle showed Allah’s power to transform weakness into strength through faith.

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Trees That Moved

While traveling, the Prophet needed privacy to relieve himself, but there was no cover. He asked two nearby trees to come together, and they miraculously bent their trunks to form a screen! After he finished, the trees returned to their original spots. This event demonstrated Allah’s control over nature and the Prophet’s unique connection to creation.

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Branches for the Grave

The Prophet noticed two graves where the occupants were suffering divine punishment. To ease their torment, he placed fresh green branches on the graves. He explained that as long as the branches stayed fresh, they would glorify Allah, bringing comfort to the souls in the graves. This act highlighted the Prophet’s mercy and the spiritual significance of simple acts of kindness.

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Water from the Prophet’s Hands

On the return journey, the travelers ran out of water, leaving everyone desperately thirsty. A companion had only a tiny amount left. The Prophet placed his hands in the vessel, and water began flowing from his fingers like a spring! Everyone drank their fill, praising Allah for this miracle. It reinforced the lesson that Allah provides abundantly through even the smallest means when His messenger calls upon Him.

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The Prophet Muhammad : The Umrah of Fulfillment 

In the 7th year after the Hijra, after returning to Madinah from Khaybar, the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) spent several months organizing expeditions. A year had passed since the Treaty of Hudaybiyah (6th year Hijra), which had allowed the Muslims to return to Makkah for Umrah the following year. Now, in the month of Dhu al-Qi’da, the time had come to fulfill this agreement.

The Prophet invited those who had joined him at Hudaybiyah to accompany him again. Though some had passed away in battles or due to illness, nearly 2,000 believers eagerly volunteered for the pilgrimage.

Before departing, the Prophet urged everyone to give charity, even if just a single date. He emphasized generosity, quoting the Quran (2:195): “Spend in Allah’s cause, and do not push yourselves into ruin. Do good—Allah loves those who do good.” His words inspired the community to contribute wholeheartedly.

Preparations for the journey included appointing Abu Ruhm Gafari (or others, according to differing accounts) to oversee Madinah. The Prophet himself tied 60 camels for sacrifice, while Najiyat ibn Jundub and four guides from the Aslam tribe led the sacrificial animals. To ensure safety, a 100-man security team led by Muhammad ibn Maslamah was sent ahead, guarding against potential breaches of the treaty by the Quraysh.

The Muslims set out peacefully, ready to perform the Umrah they had been promised a year earlier.

When the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and his Companions reached Dhu’l Hulayfah, he positioned the horses at the front and assigned Bishr ibn Sa’d to oversee the weapons. Some Companions questioned this, asking, “Didn’t we agree to enter Makkah unarmed?” The Prophet explained, “We will enter without weapons, but we carry these now only to defend ourselves if attacked. No one should bring more than what’s needed for a regular journey.”

News of the Muslims’ armed approach alarmed the Quraysh. Mikraz ibn Hafsa, a Quraysh leader, hurried to meet the Prophet and confronted him: “You’ve always been honest. Why bring weapons when the treaty allows only travellers’ swords?” The Prophet reassured him, “We will honour the treaty and enter Makkah unarmed.” Relieved, Mikraz returned to inform the Quraysh that the Muslims kept their word.

Later, as the group travelled, some Companions suggested eating camel meat to appear stronger when facing the Quraysh. The Prophet advised instead, “Gather your food and share it.” They pooled their provisions, ate together, and still had plenty left over, which they carried with them. This act of unity and trust in divine provision strengthened their resolve as they approached Makkah.

The Prophet (peace be upon him) entered Makkah on his camel, Khaswa. Upon reaching Dhatu Tuwa, he dismounted and chanted the Talbiyah (pilgrimage prayer), joined by his Companions. He then moved toward the Kaaba through the Hujun area (modern-day Jannah al-Mu’alla). As agreed in the Treaty of Hudaybiyah, the Quraysh vacated Makkah for three days, retreating to the surrounding hills. The Muslims peacefully performed the Umrah of Fulfillment, completing the pilgrimage they had postponed the previous year.

As they entered Makkah, Abdullah ibn Rawaha, leading the Prophet’s camel, recited bold verses challenging the disbelievers. Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) questioned the harsh tone, but the Prophet replied, “Let him be. Poetry spreads faster among them than an arrow’s flight.” Later, the Prophet gently redirected Ibn Rawaha to chant a unifying slogan: “There is no god but Allah. He granted victory to His servant, honoured His soldiers, and defeated the enemies alone!” The crowd echoed these words, replacing the earlier verses.

Some Muslims, weakened by fever from Madinah’s climate, faced mockery from the Quraysh, who spread rumours of their frailty. Allah revealed these taunts to the Prophet, who urged his Companions to display strength. Draping his cloak to expose his right arm, he declared, “May Allah have mercy on those who show them vigor!”

During the Tawaf (circling the Kaaba), the Prophet instructed his followers to walk briskly for three rounds to demonstrate vitality, then slow their pace. Witnessing their energy, the Quraysh admitted, “These are not weak! They move like deer!”

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